8. Safety and Maintenance Handling gases and high-temperature components Regular maintenance of columns and detectors Waste disposal and environmental considerations

7. Laboratory Practicals Introduction to GC hardware Running simple samples (e.g., alcohols, hydrocarbons) Method development for unknown samples GC-MS analysis for complex mixtures Data analysis using […]

6. Applications of GC Environmental monitoring (e.g., air pollutants, pesticides) Food and beverage analysis (e.g., flavor compounds, additives) Forensic science (e.g., drug testing, arson investigation) […]